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5. References

  1. Clinical Pharmacology [database online]. Tampa, FL: Gold Standard, Inc; 2024. Available at: http://www.clinicalpharmacology-ip.com.ezproxy.lib.utexas.edu. Accessed April 14, 2024.
  2. Aspirin low dose tablets product information. Bayer Healthcare LLC. November 2011.
  3. Aspirin enteric coated tablets product information. Bayer Healthcare LLC. November 2023.
  4. Aspirin extra strength caplets product information. Bayer Healthcare LLC. November 2023.
  5. Diclofenac potassium powder for solution (Cambia) package insert. Assertio Therapeutics, Inc. April 2024.
  6. Diclofenac potassium tablet (Lofena) package insert. Carwin Pharmaceutical Associates, LLC. January 2024.
  7. Diclofenac potassium tablets package insert. Umedica Labratories, December 2023.
  8. Diclofenac potassium liquid filled capsule (Zipsor) package insert. Assertio Therapeutics, Inc. April 2021.
  9. Diclofenac epolamine patch (Flector) package insert. IBSA Pharma Inc. April 2021.
  10. Diclofenac epolamine patch (Licart) package insert. IBSA Pharma Inc. December 2023.
  11. Diclofenac sodium gel (Voltaren) product information. Haleon US Holdings LLC. March 2024.
  12. Diflunisal oral tablet package insert. Chartwell RX, LLC. February 2023.
  13. Etodolac tablets and capsules package insert. Taro Pharmaceuticals U.S.A., Inc. March 2021.
  14. Etodolac extended-release tablets package insert. Northstar RX LLC. May 2021.
  15. Fenoprofen calcium oral capsule (Nalfon) package insert. Xspire Pharma. October 2023.
  16. Fenoprofen calcium oral tablet (Nalfon) package insert. Xspire Pharma. October 2023.
  17. Flurbiprofen oral tablet package insert. Bryant Ranch Prepack. November 2023.
  18. Ibuprofen sodium tablets (Advil) product information. Haleon US Holdings, LLC. April 2024
  19. Ibuprofen capsules (Advil) product information. Haleon US Holdings, LLC. April 2024.
  20. Ibuprofen oral tablets (Motrin) product information. Johnson & Johnson Consumer, Inc. March 2023.
  21. Ibuprofen oral capsules (Motrin) product information. Johnson & Johnson Consumer, Inc. March 2023.
  22. Indomethacin oral capsule package insert. Chartwell RX, LLC. October 2023.
  23. Indomethacin extended release capsules package insert. KVK-Tech, Inc. February 2024.
  24. Indomethacin suppository (Indocin) package insert. Zyla Life Sciences US Inc. July 2023.
  25. Ketoprofen oral capsule package insert. Misemer Pharmaceuticals, Inc. February 2024.
  26. Ketoprofen extended release oral capsule package insert. Mylan Pharmaceuticals Inc. March 2021.
  27. Ketorolac tromethamine oral tablets package insert. Camber Pharmaceuticals, Inc., October 2022.
  28. Magnesium salicylate oral tablets (Doan’s Extra Strength) product information. Dr. Reddy’s Laboratories, Inc. June 2016.
  29. Meclofenamate oral capsule package insert. Mylan Pharmaceuticals Inc. May 2021.
  30. Mefenamic acid capsules package insert. Belcher Pharmaceuticals, LLC. October 2023.
  31. Meloxicam oral tablets package insert. AiPing Pharmaceuticals, Inc. May 2024.
  32. Meloxicam oral suspension package insert. Avondale Pharmaceuticals, LLC. April 2022.
  33. Meloxicam capsules package insert. Lupin Pharmaceuticals, Inc. November 2023.
  34. Nabumetone oral tablet package insert. LGM Pharma Solutions, LLC. January 2024.
  35. Nabumetone oral tablets (Relafen DS) package insert. Carwin Pharmaceutical Associates, LLC. January 2024.
  36. Naproxen sodium oral tablets (Aleve) product information. Bayer HealthCare LLC. October 2022.
  37. Naproxen delayed-release tablets (EC-Naprosyn), naproxen tablets (Naprosyn), naproxen sodium tablets (Anaprox/Anaprox DS) package insert. Canton Laboratories. April 2021.
  38. Naproxen sodium controlled-release tablets (Naprelan) package insert.  Almatica Pharma. April 2023.
  39. Oxaprozin caplets (Daypro) package insert. Pfizer. November 2022.
  40. Oxaprozin oral capsules (Coxanto) package insert. Solubiomic, LLC. September 2023.
  41. Piroxicam oral capsules (Feldene) package insert. Pfizer. May 2024.
  42. Salsalate oral tablets package insert. Amneal Pharmaceuticals, LLC. December 2023.
  43. Sulindac oral tablet package insert. Actavis Pharma, Inc. May 2023.
  44. Acetaminophen, aspirin, and caffeine oral tablets (Excedrin) product information. Lil Drug Store Products, Inc. October 2023.
  45. Acetaminophen, aspirin, and caffeine oral powder (Goody’s) product information. April 2020.
  46. Butalbital, aspirin, and caffeine oral capsule package insert. Chartwell RX, LLC. October 2023.
  47. Diclofenac sodium/misoprostol tablets (Arthrotec) package insert. Pfizer. August 2023.
  48. Ibuprofen and famotidine oral tablet (Duexis) package insert. Horizon Therapeutics USA, Inc. August 2023.
  49. Naproxen and esomeprazole magnesium oral tablet (Vimovo) package insert. Horizon Therapeutics USA, Inc. July 2023.
  50. Ibuprofen oral suspension/ drops (Infant’s Motrin) product information. Johnson & Johnson Consumer, Inc. March 2023. 
  51. Ibuprofen oral suspension (100 mg/5 ml) (Children’s Motrin) product information. Johnson & Johnson Consumer, Inc. March 2023.
  52. Diclofenac sodium 3% gel package insert. Bryant Ranch Prepack. July 2023.
  53. Wongrakpanich S, Wongrakpanich A, Melhado K, Rangaswami J. A comprehensive review of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug use in the elderly. Aging Dis. 2018;9(1):143-150. 
  54. United States Food and Drug Administration. FDA Drug Safety Communication: FDA strengthens warning that non-aspirin nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) can cause heart attacks or strokes. (July 9, 2015)  Available at:  http://www.fda.gov/Drugs/DrugSafety/ucm451800.htm. Accessed June 20, 2022.
  55. Friedewald VE, Bennett JS, Christo JP, et al. AJC Editor's consensus: Selective and nonselective nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and cardiovascular risk. Am J Cardiol. 2010;106(6):873-84.
  56. U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Center for Drug Evaluation and Research. COX-2 selective (includes Bextra, Celebrex, and Vioxx) and non-selective non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). (February 6, 2018) Available at: https://www.fda.gov/drugs/postmarket-drug-safety-information-patients-and-providers/cox-2-selective-includes-bextra-celebrex-and-vioxx-and-non-selective-non-steroidal-anti-inflammatory. Accessed June 20, 2022.
  57. Waksman JC, Brody A, Phillips SD. Nonselective nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs and cardiovascular risk: are they safe? Ann Pharmacother. 2007;41:1163-73.
  58. Spence JD, Grosser T, Fitzgerald GA. Acetaminophen, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, and hypertension. Hypertension. 2022;79:1922-1926.
  59. Lazzaroni M, Battocchia A, Porro GB. COXIBs and non-selective NSAIDs in the gastroenterological setting: What should patients and physicians do?  Dig Liver Dis. 2007;39:589-96.
  60. Silverstein FE, Faich G, Goldstein JL, et al. Gastrointestinal toxicity with celecoxib vs. nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs for osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis. The CLASS study: a randomized trial. JAMA. 2000;284;1247-55.