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5. References

  1. IBM Micromedex® DRUGDEX® (electronic version). IBM Watson Health, Greenwood Village, Colorado, USA. Available at: https://www-micromedexsolutions-com.libproxy.uthscsa.edu/ (cited: June 7, 2023).
  2. Clinical Pharmacology [database online]. Tampa, FL: Gold Standard, Inc.; 2023. Available at: http://clinicalpharmacology-ip.com.ezproxy.lib.utexas.edu/. Accessed June 7, 2023.
  3. Celecoxib (Celebrex®) package insert. Pfizer Inc., April 2021.
  4. Celecoxib (Elyxyb®) package insert. BioDelivery Sciences International, Inc., September 2021.
  5. Chan FKL, Lanas A, Scheiman J, et al. Celecoxib versus omeprazole and diclofenac in patients with osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis (CONDOR): a randomised trial.Lancet. 2010;376:173–79.
  6. Rostom A, Muir K, Dubé C, et al. Gastrointestinal safety of cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors: a Cochrane collaboration systematic review. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2007;5(7):818-28.
  7. Chan FKL, Wong VWS, Suen BY, et al. Combination of a cyclo-oxygenase-2 inhibitor and a proton-pump inhibitor for prevention of recurrent ulcer bleeding in patients at very high risk: a double-blind, randomised trial.  Lancet. 2007;369:1621–26.
  8. Patterson MK, Castellsague J, Walker AM. Hospitalization for peptic ulcer and bleeding in users of selective COX-2 inhibitors and nonselective NSAIDs with special reference to celecoxib. Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf. 2008;17:982-8.
  9. Rahme E, Bernatsky S. NSAIDs and risk of lower gastrointestinal bleeding. Lancet. 2010;376:146-7.
  10. United States Food and Drug Administration. FDA Drug Safety Communication: FDA strengthens warning that non-aspirin nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) can cause heart attacks or strokes. (July 9, 2015) Available at:  http://www.fda.gov/Drugs/DrugSafety/ucm451800.htm. Accessed June 8, 2021.
  11. Joshi GP, Gertler R, Fricker R. Cardiovascular thromboembolic adverse effects associated with cyclooxygenase-2 selective inhibitors and nonselective antiinflammatory drugs. Anesth Analg. 2007;105:1793–804.
  12. Shaya FT, Blume SW, Blanchette CM, et al. Selective cyclooxygenase-2 inhibition and cardiovascular effects: An observational study of a Medicaid population. Arch Intern Med. 2005;165:181-6.
  13. Strand V. Are COX-2 inhibitors preferable to non-selective non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in patients with risk of cardiovascular events taking low-dose aspirin? Lancet. 2007;370(9605):2138-51.
  14. McGettigan P, Henry D. Cardiovascular risk and inhibition of cyclooxygenase: a systematic review of the observational studies of selective and nonselective inhibitors of cyclooxygenase 2. JAMA.  2006;296(13):1633-44.
  15. Antman EM. Evaluating the cardiovascular safety of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Circulation. 2017;135(21):2062-72.
  16. Sowers JR, White WB, Pitt B, et al. The effects of cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory therapy on 24-hour blood pressure in patients with hypertension, osteoarthritis, and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Arch Intern Med. 2005;165:161-8.
  17. Silverstein FE, Faich G, Goldstein JL, et al. Gastrointestinal toxicity with celecoxib vs. nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs for osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis. The CLASS study: a randomized trial. JAMA. 2000;284;1247-55.